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American businesswoman and criminal (built-in 1984)

Elizabeth Holmes
Elizabeth Holmes 2014 cropped.jpg

Holmes in 2014
Born

Elizabeth Anne Holmes


(1984-02-03) February 3, 1984 (age 38)

Washington, D.C., U.S.
Education Stanford University (caste incomplete)
Occupation Baron
Years active 2003–2018
Known for
  • Founder and CEO of Theranos
  • Criminal fraud
Criminal condition On bond
Spouse(southward)

Billy Evans

​

(g. 2019)​

(indeterminate marriage status)
Children ane
Relatives
  • Charles Louis Fleischmann (3rd neat-grandfather)
  • Julius Fleischmann (second great-granduncle)
Conviction(s)
  • Wire fraud
  • Conspiracy to commit wire fraud
Criminal punishment Awaiting sentencing

Elizabeth Anne Holmes (built-in Feb 3, 1984) is an American former biotechnology entrepreneur who was convicted of criminal fraud.[one] In 2003, Holmes founded and was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Theranos, a now-defunct health technology company that soared in valuation subsequently the company claimed to accept revolutionized claret testing by developing methods that could apply surprisingly small-scale volumes of claret, such as from a fingerprick.[two] [3] By 2015, Forbes had named Holmes the youngest and wealthiest self-fabricated female person billionaire in America on the basis of a $9-billion valuation of her visitor.[4] In the post-obit year, every bit revelations of potential fraud near Theranos'south claims began to surface, Forbes revised its judge of Holmes'due south cyberspace worth to zero,[5] and Fortune named her in its feature article on "The World'southward nineteen Nigh Disappointing Leaders".[6]

The decline of Theranos began in 2015, when a series of journalistic and regulatory investigations revealed doubts about the company's technology claims and whether Holmes had misled investors and the government. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Committee (SEC) charged Theranos and Holmes with deceiving investors by "massive fraud" through false or exaggerated claims about the accuracy of the company's blood-testing technology; Holmes settled the charges by paying a $500,000 fine, returning xviii.9 million shares to the company, relinquishing her voting control of Theranos, and accepting a ten-year ban from serving as an officer or director of a public visitor.

In June 2018, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and erstwhile Theranos main operating officeholder (COO) Ramesh Balwani on ix counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, with the victims being investors and patients.[seven] [8] Her trial in the case of U.S. five. Holmes, et al. ended in January 2022 when Holmes was convicted of defrauding investors, and not guilty of defrauding patients.[9] She faces upward to 20 years in federal prison, plus potentially millions in restitution and fines; sentencing is scheduled for September 26, 2022.

The brownie of Theranos was attributed in part to Holmes's personal connections and ability to recruit the support of influential people, including Henry Kissinger, George Shultz, Jim Mattis, and Betsy DeVos, all of whom had served or would go along to serve as U.Southward. presidential chiffonier officials. Holmes was in a hugger-mugger romantic human relationship with Balwani during nigh of Theranos's history. Following the collapse of Theranos, she started dating hotel heir Billy Evans, with whom she had a son in 2021.

Holmes'southward career, the ascent and dissolution of her visitor, and the subsequent fallout are the discipline of a book, Bad Claret: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, past The Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou, an HBO documentary feature picture, The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley, and a miniseries called The Dropout.

Early on life

Elizabeth Holmes was born Feb 3, 1984, in Washington, D.C.[x] Her begetter, Christian Rasmus Holmes IV, was a vice president at Enron, an energy company that later went bankrupt later an bookkeeping fraud scandal. Her female parent, Noel Anne (née Daoust), worked as a Congressional committee staffer.[eleven] [10] Christian later held executive positions in authorities agencies such as USAID, the EPA, and USTDA.[12] [13] Christian Holmes is of Danish and Hungarian ancestry. His 2nd dandy-grandfather (Elizabeth'south tertiary nifty-grandfather) Charles Louis Fleischmann was a Hungarian Jewish immigrant who founded Fleischmann's Yeast.[fourteen] Among Charles Louis Fleischmann's children were Julius Fleischmann, mayor of Cincinnati from 1900 to 1905 and entrepreneur.[xv]

Holmes attended St. John's School in Houston.[16] During high school, she was interested in computer programming and says she started her outset business organisation selling C++ compilers to Chinese universities.[17] Her parents had arranged Standard mandarin Chinese home tutoring, and partway through high schoolhouse, Holmes began attending Stanford University's summer Mandarin program.[18] [ten] In 2002, Holmes attended Stanford, where she studied chemical engineering and worked every bit a student researcher and laboratory banana in the Schoolhouse of Engineering.[11]

Later on the end of her freshman twelvemonth, Holmes worked in a laboratory at the Genome Found of Singapore and tested for severe astute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) through the collection of blood samples with syringes.[17] [19] She filed her first patent application on a wearable drug-delivery patch in 2003.[twenty] [21] In March 2004, she dropped out of Stanford'south Schoolhouse of Engineering science and used her tuition coin equally seed funding for a consumer healthcare engineering visitor.[11] [22]

Theranos

Founding

In 2003 Holmes founded the visitor Real-Time Cures in Palo Alto, California, to "democratize healthcare".[17] [23] [24] [25] Holmes described her fright of needles equally a motivation and sought to perform claret tests using simply small amounts of blood.[13] [23] When Holmes pitched the idea to reap "vast amounts of information from a few aerosol of blood derived from the tip of a finger" to her medicine professor Phyllis Gardner at Stanford, Gardner responded, "I don't remember your idea is going to work", explaining information technology was impossible to do what Holmes was claiming could be washed. Several other expert medical professors told Holmes the same thing.[13] Nonetheless, Holmes did not relent, and she succeeded in getting her counselor and dean at the School of Engineering, Channing Robertson, to back her idea.[13]

In 2003, Holmes renamed the company Theranos (a portmanteau of "therapy" and "diagnosis").[26] [27] Robertson became the company's first board fellow member and introduced Holmes to venture capitalists.[eleven]

Holmes was an gentleman of Apple founder Steve Jobs, and deliberately copied his mode, frequently dressing in a black turtleneck sweater, as Jobs did.[28] Holmes says her female parent dressed her in blackness turtlenecks when she was immature,[29] but an employee says she suggested copying Jobs'south famous Issey Miyake turtleneck await in 2007.[30]

During most of her public appearances, she spoke in a deep baritone voice, although a one-time Theranos colleague after claimed he heard her speak in a vocalism more typical of a woman her age to welcome him when he was hired.[31] [32] Her family unit, however, has maintained that her baritone voice is authentic.[33] [34]

Funding and expansion

Past Dec 2004, Holmes had raised $6 million to fund the business firm.[eleven] By the terminate of 2010, Theranos had more than $92 1000000 in venture capital.[20] In July 2011, Holmes was introduced to sometime secretary of state George Shultz. After a two-hour coming together, he joined the Theranos lath of directors.[35] Holmes was recognized for forming "the about illustrious lath in U.S. corporate history" over the next three years.[36]

Holmes operated Theranos in "stealth fashion" without printing releases or a company website until September 2013, when the company announced a partnership with Walgreens to launch in-store blood sample drove centers.[37] [38] She was interviewed for Medscape past its editor-in-chief, Eric Topol, who praised her for "this phenomenal rebooting of laboratory medicine".[39] Media attending increased in 2014, when Holmes appeared on the covers of Fortune, Forbes, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, and Inc. [twoscore] Forbes recognized Holmes as the world's youngest self-made female billionaire and ranked her #110 on the Forbes 400 in 2014.[41] Theranos was valued at $9 billion and had raised more than $400 meg in venture majuscule.[11] [42] By the finish of 2014, her name appeared on 18 U.S. patents and 66 foreign patents.[21] During 2015, Holmes established agreements with Cleveland Dispensary, Capital BlueCross, and AmeriHealth Caritas to use Theranos technology.[20]

Downfall

John Carreyrou of The Wall Street Periodical initiated a secret, months-long investigation of Theranos after he received a tip from a medical proficient who idea the Edison claret testing device seemed suspicious. Carreyrou spoke to ex-employee whistleblowers and obtained company documents. When Holmes learned of the investigation, she initiated a campaign through her lawyer David Boies to terminate Carreyrou from publishing, which included legal and financial threats against both the Periodical and the whistleblowers.[43] [44]

In Oct 2015, despite Boies'south legal threats and stiff-arm tactics, Carreyrou published a "bombshell commodity"[45] detailing how the Edison device gave inaccurate results, and revealing that the company had been using commercially available machines manufactured past other companies for almost of its testing.[46] Carreyrou continued to written report problems with the visitor and Holmes's behave in a serial of articles and, in 2018, published a book titled Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, detailing his investigation of Theranos.[47] [48]

Holmes denied all the claims, calling the Journal a "tabloid" and promising the company would publish data on the accuracy of its tests.[49] [50] She appeared on CNBC'south Mad Coin the same evening the article was published. Cramer said, "The article was pretty brutal", to which Holmes responded, "This is what happens when you work to change things, first they recall you're crazy, and then they fight you, and and so of a sudden you change the world."[51]

In January 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sent a alarm alphabetic character to Theranos after an inspection of its Newark, California laboratory uncovered irregularities with staff proficiency, procedures, and equipment.[52] CMS regulators proposed a two-year ban on Holmes from owning or operating a certified clinical laboratory later on the company had not stock-still problems in its California lab in March 2016.[53] On The Today Bear witness, Holmes said she was "devastated we did non take hold of and fix these bug faster" and said the lab would exist rebuilt with help from a new scientific and medical advisory board.[54] [55]

In July 2016, CMS banned Holmes from owning, operating, or directing a blood-testing service for a period of two years. Theranos appealed that decision to a U.S. Section of Health and Human Services appeals board.[13] [56] Before long thereafter, Walgreens ended its relationship with Theranos and airtight its in-shop blood drove centers.[57] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well ordered the company to cease use of its Capillary Tube Nanotainer device, one of its core inventions.[58]

In 2017, the State of Arizona filed adapt against Theranos, alleging that the visitor had sold one.5 million blood tests to Arizonans while concealing or misrepresenting important facts about those tests. In April 2017, the company settled the lawsuit by agreeing to refund the toll of the tests to consumers, and to pay $225,000 in civil fines and attorney fees, for a total of $4.65 one thousand thousand.[59] [60] Other reported ongoing deportment include an unspecified investigation by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and 2 class action fraud lawsuits. Holmes denied any wrongdoing.[13]

On May 16, 2017, approximately 99 pct of Theranos shareholders reached an agreement with the company to dismiss all electric current and potential litigation in commutation for shares of preferred stock. Holmes released a portion of her equity to kickoff any dilution of stock value to not-participating shareholders.[61] [62]

In March 2018, the SEC charged Holmes and Theranos'southward former president, Ramesh Balwani, with fraud by taking more than than $700 million from investors while advertising a false product. On March 14, 2018, Holmes settled an SEC lawsuit.[63] The charges of fraud included the company'southward faux claim that its technology was beingness used by the U.S. Department of Defence force in combat situations.[64] The visitor as well lied when it claimed to have a $100 million acquirement stream in 2014. That year, the company only fabricated $100,000.[65] The terms of Holmes'south settlement included surrendering voting control of Theranos, returning 18.9 million shares to the company, a ban on holding an officeholder or director position in a public company for 10 years, and a $500,000 fine.[66] [67] [68]

At its height in 2015, Theranos had more than 800 employees.[69] It dismissed 340 people in October 2016 and an additional 155 in January 2017.[70] In April 2018, Theranos filed a WARN Deed notice with the State of California, announcing its plans to permanently lay off 105 employees, leaving information technology with fewer than two dozen employees.[69] [71] Most of the remaining employees were laid off in August 2018. On September 5, 2018, the company appear that it had begun the process of formally dissolving, with its remaining greenbacks and assets to exist distributed to its creditors.[72]

U.S. v. Holmes, et al.

On June 15, 2018, following an investigation by the U.South. Attorney's Role for the Northern District of California in San Francisco that lasted more than than two years, a federal m jury indicted Holmes and former Theranos chief operating officer and president, Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, on ix counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. Both pleaded not guilty. Prosecutors allege that Holmes and Balwani engaged in ii criminal schemes, one to defraud investors, the other to defraud doctors and patients.[7] [73] [74] After the indictment was issued, Holmes stepped downwards every bit CEO of Theranos simply remained chair of the board.[eight]

The criminal trial of Holmes in the example of U.S. 5. Holmes, et al. (v:18-cr-00258-EJD) was held in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Information technology began on August 31, 2021,[75] after being delayed for over a year due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic and Holmes'due south pregnancy.[76] The example was prosecuted by the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California, with Holmes being dedicated by premier white-collar criminal offence litigation house Williams & Connolly. Holmes testified in self-defense force for seven days, claiming among other things that she was misled past her staff virtually the applied science, and that her ex-romantic partner Sunny Balwani, who is likewise facing trial, held influence over her during the romantic human relationship they had and which was even so ongoing when the alleged criminal acts happened.[77] [78] [79] The instance's testify outlined Holmes'southward role in faked demonstrations, falsified validation reports, misleading claims about contracts, and overstated financials at Theranos.[i]

On January 3, 2022, Holmes was found guilty on 4 counts of defrauding investors – three counts of wire fraud, and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. She was found not guilty on four counts of defrauding patients – three counts of wire fraud and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. The jury returned a "no verdict" on three counts of wire fraud against investors – the judge alleged a mistrial on those counts and the government soon after agreed to dismiss them.[1] [ix] [80] [81] Holmes is awaiting sentencing while remaining 'at liberty' on $500,000 bail, secured with property.[82] She faces a maximum sentence of twenty years in prison, and a fine of $250,000, plus restitution, for each count of wire fraud and for each conspiracy count.[75] The sentences would likely be served concurrently thus an effective maximum of 20 years total.[ane] Sentencing is scheduled for September 26, 2022.[82]

According to The New York Times, the case "came to symbolize the pitfalls of Silicon Valley'south civilization of hustle, hype and greed".[i]

Promotional activities

Holmes partnered with Carlos Slim Helú in June 2015 to improve claret testing in Mexico.[83] In October 2015, she appear #IronSisters to help women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers.[84] In 2015, she helped to draft and laissez passer a police force in Arizona to permit people obtain and pay for lab tests without requiring insurance or healthcare provider approval, while misrepresenting the accuracy and effectiveness of the Theranos device.[85] [86]

Connections

Theranos's board and investors included many influential figures.[87] [88] Holmes'due south first major investor was Tim Draper РSilicon Valley venture capitalist and male parent of Holmes'due south childhood friend Jesse Draper Рwho "cut Holmes a check" for $1 meg upon hearing her initial pitch for the firm that would become Theranos.[89] [xc] Theranos'due south pool of major investors expanded to include[88] Rupert Murdoch, the Walton family, the DeVos family including Betsy DeVos, the Cox family unit of Cox Enterprises and Carlos Slim Hel̼. Each of these investors lost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars when Theranos folded.[88]

1 of Holmes's commencement board members was George Shultz.[91] [89] With Shultz's early interest aiding Holmes's recruitment efforts, the 12-member Theranos lath eventually included:[92] Henry Kissinger, a one-time secretary of country; William Perry, a one-time secretarial assistant of defense; James Mattis, a future secretarial assistant of defence; Gary Roughead, a retired U.Due south. Navy admiral; Bill Frist, a former U.S. senator (R-TN); Sam Nunn, a former U.S. senator (D-GA); and sometime CEOs Dick Kovacevich of Wells Fargo and Riley Bechtel of Bechtel.[93] [94]

Recognition

Before the collapse of Theranos, Holmes received widespread acclaim. In 2015, she was appointed a member of the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows[95] and was named ane of Time mag's "Time 100 most influential people".[96] Holmes received the Under 30 Doers Laurels from Forbes and was ranked number 73 in its 2015 list of "the world's virtually powerful women".[97] [98] She was as well named Woman of the Year by Glamour and received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Pepperdine Academy.[99] [100] Holmes was awarded the 2015 Horatio Alger Award of the Horatio Alger Clan of Distinguished Americans, making her its youngest recipient in history.[26] [101] She previously had been named Fortune 'south Businessperson of the Year and had been listed in its xl Under 40 feature.[102] [103]

In 2016, Fortune named Holmes in its article on "The World'south xix Most Disappointing Leaders".[6]

Personal life

Holmes at Stanford University, Apr 17, 2013

Holmes was romantically involved with technology entrepreneur Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, a Pakistani-built-in Hindu who immigrated to India and then the US.[104] [105] She met him in 2002 during a trip to Beijing as part of Stanford University'south Mandarin program. Holmes was xviii at the fourth dimension, and had merely graduated from loftier school; Balwani was 19 years older than she was and was married to another woman at the time.[106] [107]

Balwani divorced his wife in 2002[108] and became romantically involved with Holmes in 2003, about the same fourth dimension Holmes dropped out of academy.[106] The couple moved into an flat together in 2005. Although Balwani did not officially join Theranos until 2009, when he was given the title of primary operating officeholder, he was advising Holmes behind the scenes from the company'southward inception.[106] Holmes and Balwani jointly ran the visitor with a corporate culture of "secrecy and fear" according to employees.[106] Their romantic relationship was kept surreptitious for much of their time running the visitor.[109] Balwani left Theranos in 2016 in the wake of investigations. The circumstances of his departure are unclear; Holmes has stated that she fired him, only Balwani says that he left of his ain accord.[106]

On November 29, 2021, Holmes testified that she had been raped while she was a student at Stanford and that she sought solace from Balwani in the backwash of the incident.[77] [78] She as well said Balwani was very controlling during their romantic relationship, which lasted more than a decade, and at times he berated and sexually abused her.[77] [78] In her testimony, she stated he also wanted to "kill the person" she was and create a "new Elizabeth".[77] Yet, she also testified that Balwani had not forced her to make the faux statements to investors, concern partners, journalists and company directors that had been described in the case.[110] In court filings, Balwani has "categorically" denied corruption allegations, calling them "false and inflammatory."[111]

Earlier the March 2018 settlement, Holmes endemic half of Theranos'southward stock.[17] Forbes listed her as one of America's Richest Self-Made Women in 2015 with a internet worth of $iv.5 billion.[42] In June 2016, Forbes released an updated valuation of $800 million for Theranos, which made Holmes'south stake substantially worthless, because other investors endemic preferred shares and would have been paid before Holmes, who owned but common stock.[five] Holmes reportedly owed a $25 million debt to Theranos in connexion with exercising stock options. She did not receive any company cash from the arrangement, nor did she sell any of her shares, including those associated with the debt.[112] [113] [114]

In early 2019, Holmes became engaged to William "Baton" Evans, a 27-year-onetime heir to Evans Hotels,[115] a family-owned grouping of hotels in the San Diego area.[116] In mid-2019, Holmes and Evans reportedly married in a private ceremony.[117] [118] Holmes and Evans take not directly confirmed whether the 2 are actually married, and several sources proceed to refer to him as her "partner" rather than her married man.[119] [120] The couple live in San Francisco.[116] Holmes gave birth to a son in July 2021.[120]

In January 2022, NPR obtained a copy of a partial police report from the evening of October 5, 2003, in which Holmes chosen the police and alleged she was sexually assaulted at a fraternity house at Stanford between 1 a.thousand. and 3 a.chiliad. that morn. The law report supported claims fabricated by Holmes during the trial, in which she said: "I was questioning how I was going to be able to procedure that [rape] experience and what I wanted to do with my life, and I decided that I was going to build a life by building [a company]." She had started Theranos later on that year. The written report written by the deputies who responded to the telephone call was withheld from release, and the partial data obtained by NPR does not identify an alleged perpetrator or other details about the incident, but identifies the street address of the Sigma Chi fraternity business firm as the location.[121] The fraternity has had a long history of citations for bear bug and has been suspended from academy recognition since May 2018.[121] [122]

In the media and influences

Holmes has been credited with creating a negative stigma for other women entrepreneurs, particularly in the sciences and health care industries, who are often compared to her. Writing in The New York Times, engineering journalist Erin Griffith commented that "Holmes continues to loom large beyond the start-up world because of the audacity of her story, which has permeated pop culture," with women entrepreneurs reporting that "the frequent comparisons [to Holmes] are pernicious".[123] Investor and executive Ellen Pao wrote in a New York Times opinion piece that Holmes was targeted for prosecution because of "sexism", and that her trial was a "wake-upwards call for sexism in tech."[124]

Holmes has been featured in a number of media works:[125]

  • In May 2018, writer John Carreyrou released the book Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, describing the life of Holmes and the inner workings of Theranos.[126] The movie rights to Carreyrou's book were purchased by Legendary well-nigh two years earlier the volume was published.[127]
  • In Jan 2019, ABC News, Nightline, and Rebecca Jarvis released a podcast and documentary about the Holmes story called The Dropout. Information technology included interviews and degradation tapes of cardinal figures, including Elizabeth Holmes, Sunny Balwani, Christian Holmes (Elizabeth's brother), Tyler Shultz (Theranos whistleblower and grandson of Lath Member George Shultz), Theranos lath members Bill Frist, Gary Roughead, Robert Kovacevichz and others. The series also featured an interview with Jeff Coopersmith, the attorney representing Balwani.[128] [89]
  • On March xviii, 2019, HBO premiered the documentary The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley, a two-60 minutes documentary picture show first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2019. It portrays the claims and promises made past Holmes in the last years of Theranos and how ultimately the company was brought downwards past the weight of many falsehoods. The documentary ends in 2018, with Holmes and Balwani indicted for multiple crimes.[129]
  • On April 10, 2019, Deadline reported that Hulu would launch a TV series based on The Dropout podcast, too called The Dropout. [130] In March 2021, Amanda Seyfried was bandage to star in information technology.[131]
  • Season 7, episode 12 of the The states comedy-drama Younger (first broadcast on June 10, 2021) features a musical number most famous scammers, in which Elizabeth Stanley portrays Holmes.[ citation needed ]
  • On August 8, 2021, the Australian newsmagazine 60 Minutes featured the Theranos story and Holmes's upcoming trial.[132]
  • In December, 2021, Apple Studios created a storyboard for a characteristic moving picture adaptation of John Carreyrou's book, starring Jennifer Lawrence and directed by Adam McKay.[133]

References

Notes

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  5. ^ a b Herper, Matthew (June one, 2016). "From $4.five Billion To Nothing: Forbes Revises Estimated Cyberspace Worth Of Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes". Forbes. Archived from the original on December xvi, 2019. Retrieved January half-dozen, 2017.
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Works cited

  • Carreyrou, John (2018a). Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN978-1-5247-3165-six. OCLC 1249975944.

Further reading

  • Bilton, Nick (Feb 20, 2019). "'She Never Looks Dorsum': Inside Elizabeth Holmes'south Chilling Final Months at Theranos". Vanity Off-white. Condé Nast. Retrieved February 23, 2019.

External links

  • USPTO list of granted U.S. patents listing Holmes as an inventor (120 patents as of Jan 4, 2022)
  • American Masters: The Women's Listing. PBS. September 25, 2015.
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Elizabeth Holmes at IMDb
  • Elizabeth Holmes: Lab testing reinvented. Archived from the original on Baronial 16, 2018.
  • Makers: Women Who Make America – Elizabeth Holmes at archive.today (archived September vi, 2015)
  • The Theranos Deception. CBS (lx Minutes). May xx, 2018.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Holmes

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